Fourteen varieties of Elm have been found useful in Herbal Medicine:
Ulmus alata - Winged Elm, Ulmus americana - American Elm, Ulmus
davidiana - Japanese Elm, Ulmus glabra - Wych Elm, Ulmus japonica –
Japanese, Ulmus laciniata, Ulmus macrocarpa, Ulmus parvifolia -
Chinese Elm, Ulmus procera - English Elm, Ulmus pumila - Siberian
Elm, Ulmus rubra - Slippery Elm, Ulmus thomasii - Rock Elm, Ulmus
villosa - Cherry Bark Elm, Ulmus wallichiana
Three
Elms are native to my region: Ulmus alata (Winged Elm), Ulmus
americana (American Elm), Ulmus rubra (Slippery Elm). Three Elms
have been naturalized: Ulmus parviflora (Chinese Elm, Lacebark Elm),
Ulmus procera (English Elm), Ulmus pumila (Siberian Elm)
Elm
is likely the most commonly known and used tree in Herbal Medicine,
due to the popularity of Slippery Elm. This common use has led
Slippery Elm to be over-harvested in many areas.
Saint
Hildegard von Bingen wrote of Elm:
One
who is troubled by gicht should burn a fire with its wood only.
Soon, he should warm himself by the fire, and the gicht will cease
immediately. But for one who is virgichtiget, so tha this tongue
fails to speak, fresh new leaves of this tree should be placed in
water, and this should be given to him to drink. The gicht in his
tongue will cease, and he will recover his speech. One who has
freislich on his body should often drink the same water, tempered
with those leaves, and the freislich will disappear. If someone
burns this wood alone, heats water with it, and takes a bath with
this water, it will take away malignity and bad will, and give him
benevolence, and make his mind happy. The tree has a certain
prosperity in its nature, so that spirits of the air are unable to
move phantasms, wrongs, and illusions through it with their many
wrathful confrontations.
While
I do not know what freislich is… I certainly wish to avoid wrathful
confrontations!
Gerard
wrote:
A.
The leaves and bark of the Elm be moderately hot, with an evident
cleansing faculty; they have in the chewing a certain clammy and
gluing quality.
B.
The leaves of Elm glue and heal up green wounds, so doth the bark
wrapped and swaddled about the wound like a bandage.
C.
The leaves being stamped with vinegar do take away scurf.
D.
Dioscorides writeth, that one ounce weight of the thicker bark drunk
with wine or water purgeth phlegm.
E.
The decoction of Elm leaves, as also of the bark or root, healeth
broken bones very speedily, if they be fomented or bathed therewith.
F.
The liquor that is found in the blisters doth beautify the face, and
scoureth away all spots, freckles, pimples, spreading tetters, and
such like, being applied thereto.
G.
It healeth green wounds, and cureth ruptures newly made, being laid
on with Spleenwoort and the truss closely set unto it.
Culpepper
wrote, of the Government and Virtues of Elm Tree:
It
is a cold and Saturnine plant. The leaves thereof bruised and applied
heal green wounds, being bound thereon with its own bark. The leaves
or the bark used with vinegar cureth scurf and leprosy very
effectually: The decoction of the leaves, bark, or root, being
bathed, heals broken bones. The water that is found in the bladders
on the leaves, while it is fresh, is very effectual to cleanse the
skin, and make it fair; and if cloths be often wet therein, and
applied to the ruptures of children, it healeth them, if they be well
bound up with a truss. The said water put into a glass, and set into
the ground, or else in dung for twenty-five days, the mouth thereof
being close stopped, and the bottom set upon a lay of ordinary salt,
that the foces may settle and become clear, is a singular and
sovereign balm for green wounds, being used with soft tents: The
decoction of the bark of the root fomented, mollifieth hard tumours,
and the shrinking of the sinews. The roots of the elm, boiled for a
long time in water, and the fat arising on the top thereof being
clean scummed off, and the place anointed therewith that is grown
bald, and the hair fallen away, will quickly restore them again. The
said bark ground with brine and pickle, until it come to the form of
a poultice, and laid on the place pained with the gout, giveth great
ease. The decoction of the bark in water, is excellent to bathe such
places as have been burnt with fire.
Mrs.
Grieves wrote of both “Common” and Slippery Elm:
(Common
Elm) Medicinal Action and Uses---Tonic, demulcent, astringent and
diuretic. Wasformerly employed for the preparation of an
antiscorbutic decoction recommended in cutaneous diseases of a
leprous character, such as ringworm. It was applied both externally
and internally. Under the title of Ulmus the dried inner bark was
official in the British Pharmacopoeia of 1864 and 1867 directions for
the preparation of Decoc. Ulmi being as follows: Elm Bark 1 part,
water 8 parts; boil for 10 minutes, strain, make up to 8 parts.
A
homoeopathic tincture is made of the inner bark, and used as an
astringent.
Fluid
extract, dose 2 to 4 oz. three or four times daily.
A
medicinal tea was also formerly made from the flowers.
In
Persia, Italy and the south of France, galls, sometimes the size of a
fist, are frequently produced on the leaves. They contain a clear
water called eau d'orme, which is sweet and viscid, and has been
recommended to wash wounds, contusions and sore eyes. Culpepper tells
us:
'the
water that is found in the bladders on the leaves of the elm-tree is
very effectual to cleanse the skin and make it fair.'
Towards
autumn, these galls dry, the insects in them die and there is found a
residue in the form of a yellow or blackish balsam, called beaume
d'ormeau, which has been recommended for diseases of the chest.
(Slippery
Elm) Medicinal Action and Uses---Demulcent, emollient,
expectorant, diuretic, nutritive. The bark of this American Elm,
though not in this country as in the United States an official drug,
is considered one of the most valuable remedies in herbal practice,
the abundant mucilage it contains having wonderfully strengthening
and healing qualities.
It
not only has a most soothing and healing action on all the parts it
comes in contact with, but in addition possesses as much nutrition as
is contained in oatmeal, and when made into gruel forms a wholesome
and sustaining food for infants and invalids. It forms the basis of
many patent foods.
Slippery
Elm Food is generally made by mixing a teaspoonful of the powder into
a thin and perfectly smooth paste with cold water and then pouring on
a pint of boiling water, steadily stirring meanwhile. It can, if
desired, be flavoured with cinnamon, nutmeg or lemon rind.
This
makes an excellent drink in cases of irritation of the mucous
membrane of the stomach and intestines, and taken at night will
induce sleep.
Another
mode of preparation is to beat up an egg with a teaspoonful of the
powdered bark, pouring boiling milk over it and sweetening it.
Taken
unsweetened, three times a day, Elm Food gives excellent results in
gastritis, gastric catarrh, mucous colitis and enteritis, being
tolerated by the stomach when all other foods fail, and is of great
value in bronchitis, bleeding from the lungs and consumption (being
most healing to the lungs), soothing a cough and building up and
preventing wasting.
A
Slippery Elm compound excellent for coughs is made as follows: Cut
obliquely one or more ounces of bark into pieces about the thickness
of a match; add a pinch of Cayenne flavour with a slice of lemon and
sweeten, infusing the whole in a pint of boiling water and letting it
stand for 25 minutes. Take this frequently in small doses: for a
consumptive patient, about a pint a day is recommended. It is
considered one of the best remedies that can be given as it combines
both demulcent and stimulating properties. Being mucilaginous, it
rolls up the mucous material so troublesome to the patient and passes
it down through the intestines.
In
typhoid fever, the Slippery Elm drink, prepared as for coughs, is
recommended, serving a threefold purpose, to cleanse, heal and
strengthen, the patient being allowed to drink as much as desired
until thirst has abated, and other remedies can be used. If the
patient is not thirsty, a dose of 2 large tablespoonfuls every hour
for an adult has been prescribed.
The
bark is an ingredient in various lung medicines. A valuable remedy
for Bronchitis and all diseases of the throat and lungs is compounded
as follows: 1 teaspoonful Flax seed, 1 OZ. Slippery Elm bark, 1 OZ.
Thoroughwort, 1 stick Liquorice, 1 quart water. Simmer slowly for 20
minutes. Strain and add 1 pint of the best vinegar and 1/2 pint of
sugar. When cold, bottle. Dose: 1 tablespoonful two or three times a
day.
In
Pleurisy, the following is also recommended: Take 2 oz. each of
Pleurisy root, Marsh Mallow root, Liquorice root and Slippery Elm
bark. Boil in 3 pints of water down to 3 gills. Dose: 1/2 teaspoonful
every half-hour, to be taken warm.
As
a heart remedy, a pint of Slippery Elm drink has been prescribed
alternately with Bugleweed compound.
Slippery
Elm bark possesses also great influence upon diseases of the female
organs.
It
is particularly valuable both medicinally and as an injection in
dysentery and other diseases of the bowels, cystitis and irritation
of the urinary tract. The injection for inflammation of the bowels is
made from an infusion of 1 OZ. of the powder to 1 pint of boiling
water, strained and used lukewarm. Other remedies should be given at
the same time.
An
injection for diarrhoea may also be made as follows: 1 drachm
powdered Slippery Elm bark, 3 drachms powdered Bayberry, 1 drachm
powdered Scullcap.
Pour
on 1/2 pint of boiling water, infuse for half an hour, strain, add a
teaspoonful of tincture of myrrh and use lukewarm.
As
an enema for constipation, 2 drachms of Slippery Elm bark are mixed
well with 1 OZ. of sugar, then 1/2 pint of warm milk and water and an
ounce of Olive Oil are gently stirred in.
Injection
for worms (Ascarides): 1/2 drachm Aloes powder, 1 drachm common salt,
1/2 drachm Slippery Elm powder (fine). When well mixed, add 1/2 pint
warm water and sweeten with molasses, stirring well.
Slippery
Elm mucilage is also prescribed to be mixed with Oil of Male Fern (2
oz. of the mucilage to 1 drachm of the oil) as a remedy for the
expulsion of tapeworm
The
Red Indians have long used this viscous inner bark to prepare a
healing salve, and in herbal medicine a Slippery Elm bark powder is
considered one of the best possible poultices for wounds, boils,
ulcers, burns and all inflamed surfaces, soothing, healing and
reducing pain and inflammation.
It
is made as follows: Mix the powder with hot water to form the
required consistency, spread smoothly upon soft cotton cloth and
apply over the parts affected. It is unfailing in cases of
suppurations, abscesses, wounds of all kinds, congestion, eruptions,
swollen glands, etc. In simple inflammation, it may be applied
directly over the part affected; to abscesses and old wounds, it
should be placed between cloths. If applied to parts of the body
where there is hair, the face of the poultice should be smeared with
olive oil before applying.
In
old gangrenous wounds, an excellent antiseptic poultice is prepared
by mixing with warm water or an infusion of Wormwood, equal parts of
Slippery Elm powder and very fine charcoal and applying immediately
over the part.
A
very valuable poultice in cases where it is desirable to hasten
suppuration or arrest the tendency to gangrene is made by mixing the
Slippery Elm powder with brewer's yeast and new milk.
Compound
Bran poultice is made by mixing with hot vinegar equal quantities of
wheaten Bran with Slippery Elm powder. This is an excellent poultice
for severe rheumatic and gouty affections, particularly of the
joints, synovitis etc.
Herbal
poultices, generally made from the bruised, fresh leaves of special
herbs, are frequently mixed with Slippery Elm and boiling water
sufficient to give the mass consistency.
Marshmallow
Ointment, one of the principal ointments used in herbal medicine, has
a considerable proportion of Slippery Elm bark in its composition. It
is made as follows: 3 oz. Marshmallow leaves, 2 OZ. Slippery Elm bark
powder, 3 oz. Beeswax, 16 OZ. Lard. Boil the Marshmallow and Slippery
Elm bark in 3 pints of water for 15 minutes. Express, strain and
reduce the liquor to half a pint. Melt together the lard and wax by
gentle heat, then add the extract while still warm, shake constantly
till all are thoroughly incorporated and store in a cool place.
The
bark of Slippery Elm is stated to preserve fatty substances from
becoming rancid.
It
has been asserted that a pinch of the Slippery Elm powder put into a
hollow tooth stops the ache and greatly delays decay, if used as soon
as there is any sign of decay.
Lozenges
or troches containing 3 grains of Elm flavoured with methyl
salicylate are used as a demulcent.
An
Irish Herbal states:
The
leaves and inner bark heal and consolidate wounds, bruises and
fractured bones. The liquid that is found in the leaves removes
freckles, pimples and spreading eruptions. The bark is abstersive
and is frequently used in gargles for sore mouths and throats. The
inner bark, being scraped off and steeped in water for 24 hours, is
exceedingly good to be applied to burns and scalds.
Resources
of the Southern Fields and Forests states:
SLIPPERY
ELM, (Ulmus fulva.) I have observed it in Fairfield District. It is
sometimes found in the lower districts, N. C. Am. Herbal. 139;
Frost's Elems. Mat. Med. and Therap. 228; U. S. Disp. 727; Dr.
McDowell's Med. Exam. 244; West Jour. Med. and Phys. Sc; Michaux, Fl.
Americana, i, 172^; and N. Am. Sylva, iii, 89 ; Griffith, Med. Bot.
563. A decoction of the bark was much used by the Indians in the cure
of leprosy. It is an excellent demulcent employed as an emollient
application, and internally is especially recommended in suppression
of urine, inflammation of the bladder, dysentery and diarrhea. A
decoction made of this, combined with the root of the sassafras, and
guaiac, is esteemed as a valuable drink to increase cutaneous
transpiration, and to improve the tone of the digestive organs.
Griffith considers it a good substitute for acacia, and he has
witnessed its beneficial effects, externally applied, in obstinate
cases of herpetic and syphilitic eruptions; he is inclined to ascribe
higher curative powers to it than are generally admitted. It forms a
good vehicle for enemata, where a mucilaginous fluid is required. The
bark, cut in the form of a bougie, has been used in dilating sinuses
and contractions of the urethra. The sub- stance exuding from the
bark is called ulmin. It could be largely collected for the use of
soldiers—suitable wherever a highly mucilaginous substance is
required.
I
append the following to the second edition: Dr. C. W. Wright, of
Cincinnati, states (Western Lancet) that slippery elm bark has the
property of preserving fatty substances from rancidity ; a fact
derived originally from the Indians who prepared bear's fat by
melting it with the bark in the proportion of a drachm of the latter
to a pound of the former, keeping them heated together for a few
minutes, and then straining off the fat. Dr. Wright tried the name
process with butter and lard and found them to remain perfectly sweet
for a long time. (Am. J. Pharm. xxiv, 180,) U. S. Disp. 12th Ed. Dr.
McDowel, of Virginia, used the bark for the dilatation of fistulas
and strictures, (Med. Exam, i, 244,) and Dr. H. E. Storer, of Boston,
subsequently for dilating the os uteri. (Bost. Med. And Surg. J.
liii, 300.) See U. S. Disp.
WHITE
ELM, ( Ulmus Americana, Mx.) Vicinity of Charleston; N. C. Mer. and
de L. Diet, de M. Med. vi, 799 ; Coxe, Am. Disp. 611; Phil. Med. Mus.
11. The U. fulva probably referred to. The wood of the white elm,
like that of the common European elm, is of a dark brown ; and cut
transversely, or obliquely to the longitudinal fibres, it exhibits
the same numerous and fine undulations, but it splits more easily and
has less compactness. It is, however, used at the North for the naves
of coach wheels, because it is difficult to procure the black gum. In
Maine it is used for the keels of vessels. Its bark is said to be
easily detached during eight months of the year; soaked in water and
suppled by pounding, it is used in the Northern States for the
bottoms of common chairs. Miehaux,
The
Thomsonian System of Medicine states:
SLIPPERY
ELM BARK. - Ulmus Fulva.
The
inner bark of this tree is an article of much value, and may be used
to advantage in many different ways. There are several species of the
elm that grow common in this country, and there are two kinds of the
slippery elm. In one the bark is rather hard and tough, and the other
is very brittle; the latter is the best for medicinal uses. The bark
should be peeled, the outside rind shaved off, dried, and ground or
pounded to a fine powder. If used internally, put a teaspoonful of
this powder into a teacup with as much sugar, mix them well together,
then add a little cold water and stir it until perfectly mixed, and
then put hot water to it and stir till it forms a jelly thick enough
to be eaten with a spoon. A teacupful may be taken at a time, and is
an excellent medicine to heal soreness in the throat, stomach and
bowels, caused by canker; or more hot water may be put to it and made
into a drink and freely taken for the same purpose. I have always
made much use of this bark for poultices, and have in all cases found
it a most excellent article for that purpose. Mixed with pounded
cracker and ginger it makes the best poultices I have ever found for
burns, scalds, felons, old sores, etc., it is the best thing that can
be used to allay the inflammation, ease the pain and heal them in a
short time. With Lobelia, it forms an excellent poultice for
abscesses and boils. In constipation, dysentery, diarrhoea and
cholera infantum, used both internally and per rectal injection, it
soothes and relieves the intestinal irritation. It is a nutritious
demulcent, soothing to the mucous membrane wherever needed and
quieting to the nervous system. In diphtheria, after the throat has
been ridded of the decayed membrane, it is quite raw, also during the
scaling process in scarlatina and measles and at times in typhoid
fever; slippery elm is then a very important agent.
King's
American Dispensatory, 1898 tells us:
Action,
Medical Uses, and Dosage.—Elm bark is nutritive, expectorant,
diuretic, demulcent, and emollient, and is a very valuable remedial
agent. In mucous inflammations of the lungs, bowels, stomach,
bladder, or kidneys, used freely in the form of a mucilaginous drink
(1 ounce of the powdered bark to 1 pint of water), it is highly
beneficial, as well as in diarrhoea, dysentery, coughs, pleurisy,
strangury, and sore throat, in all of which it tends powerfully to
allay the inflammation. A tablespoonful of the powder boiled in a
pint of new milk, affords a nourishing diet for infants weaned from
the breast, preventing the bowel complaints to which they are
subject, and rendering them fat and healthy. Some physicians consider
the constant use of it, during and after the seventh month of
gestation, as advantageous in facilitating and causing an easy
delivery; ½ pint of the infusion to be drank daily. Elm bark has
likewise been successfully employed externally in cutaneous diseases,
especially in obstinate cases of herpetic and syphilitic eruptions,
and certainly possesses more efficient virtues than are commonly
supposed. As an emollient poultice, the bark has been found very
serviceable when applied to inflamed parts, suppurating tumors, fresh
wounds, burns, scalds, bruises, and ulcers; and in the excruciating
pains of the testes, which accompany the metastasis of mumps, whether
of recent or long standing, the constant use of an elm poultice,
regularly changed every 4 hours, will be found a superior remedy.
Notwithstanding its general value as an application to ulcers, it
will often be found injurious, especially when used as a cataplasm to
ulcers of the limbs, rendering the ulcer more irritable and difficult
to heal, and frequently converting a simple sore, which might be
cured by astringent or other washes, into an almost intractable
ulcer; much care is, therefore, required in the application of this
bark externally. As an injection, the infusion will prove useful in
diarrhoea, dysentery, tenesmus, and hemorrhoids, also in gonorrhoea
and gleet. The powder, sprinkled on the surface of the body, will
prevent and heal excoriations and chafings, and allay the itching and
heat of erysipelas. As the bark increases in bulk by imbibing
moisture, it has been recommended to form bougies and tents of it for
the dilatation of strictures, fistulas, etc., but in urethral
strictures it has proved troublesome, from the liability of the part
behind the stricture breaking off in the attempt to withdraw it, and
passing into the bladder. The infusion of the bark is the common form
of administration, and may be drank ad libitum (J. King). (See
Mucilago Ulmi.)
Euell
Gibbons tells us:
Medical
books list the properties of slippery elm as demulcent, emollient,
expectorant, diuretic, soothing and laxative. …
The
early settlers learned from the Indians how to sue slippery elm, and
it became one of the most important home remedies in early America.
…It is very good for coughs, colds, influenza, pleurisy, quinsy,
dysentery and painful menstruation.
Plants
for A Future Lists:
Medicinal
use of American Elm: An infusion made from the bark has been used in
the treatment of bleeding from the lungs, ruptures, coughs, colds,
influenza, dysentery, eye infections, cramps and diarrhoea. An
infusion of the bark has been taken by pregnant women to secure
stability of children. A decoction of the bark has been used as a
wash on wounds. A decoction of the inner bark has been taken in the
treatment of severe coughs, colds, menstrual cramps. An infusion of
the inner bark has been drunk, and used as a bath, in the treatment
of appendicitis. An infusion of the root bark has been used in the
treatment of coughs, colds and excessive menstruation. A decoction
has been used as an eye wash in the treatment of sore eyes. The inner
bark has been used as an emollient on tumours.
Medicinal
use of Slippery Elm: Slippery elm bark is a widely used herbal remedy
and is considered to be one of the most valuable of remedies in
herbal practice. In particular, it is a gentle and effective remedy
for irritated states of the mucous membranes of the chest, urinary
tubules, stomach and intestines. The inner bark contains large
quantities of a sticky slime that can be dried to a powder or made
into a liquid. The inner bark is harvested in the spring from the
main trunk and from larger branches, it is then dried and powdered
for use as required. Ten year old bark is said to be best. Fine
grades of the powder are best for internal use, coarse grades are
better suited to poultices. The plant is also part of a North
American formula called essiac which is a popular treatment for
cancer. Its effectiveness has never been reliably proven or disproven
since controlled studies have not been carried out. The other herbs
included in the formula are Arctium lappa, Rumex acetosella and Rheum
palmatum. The inner bark is demulcent, diuretic, emollient,
expectorant, nutritive. It has a soothing and healing effect on all
parts of the body that it comes into contact with and is used in the
treatment of sore throats, indigestion, digestive irritation, stomach
ulcers etc. It used to be frequently used as a food that was a
nutritive tonic for the old, young and convalescents. It was also
applied externally to fresh wounds, burns and scalds. The bark has
been used as an antioxidant to prevent fats going rancid.
Peterson
Field Guides Eastern and Central Medicinal Plants us:
Slippery
Elm: Three tablespoons of inner bark in a cup of hot water makes a
thick, mucilaginous tea, traditionally used for sore throats, upset
stomach, indigestion, digestive irritation, stomach ulcers, coughs,
pleurisy, said to help in diarrhea and dysentery. Inner bark
considered edible. Once used as a nutritive broth for children, the
elderly, and convalescing patients who had difficulty consuming or
digesting food. Externally the thick tea, made from powdered inner
bark, was applied to fresh wounds, ulcers, burns, scalds. Science
confirms tea is soothing to mucous membranes and softens hardened
tissue. Bark once used as an antioxidant to prevent rancidity of fat.
Botany
In a Day states:
Slippery
Elm: the leaves are edible raw or cooked. The bark may be dried and
ground into flour; it is used in times of scarcity. The green fruits
are also edible. The slippery Elm, Ulmus fulva, is widely popular as
a medicinal plant. The inner bark is highly mucilaginous and somewhat
astringent. Other species may be more stringent and less
mucilaginous. The Elm is used especially as a soothing remedy,
externally as an emollient for burns or internally as a demulcent for
sore throats or other internal inflammations, including diarrhea. It
is the kind of remedy that can be used for just about anything. A
friend once gave me some in tea to reduce a fever on an expedition. I
recall that it was very effective.
The
Physicians’ Desk Reference for Herbal medicine tells us of Elm
bark:
The
drug has diuretic and astringent properties. Unproven uses:
internally, the drug is used for digestive disorders and severe cases
of diarrhea. Externally it is used to treat open wounds. No health
hazards or side effects are known in conjunction with the proper
administration of designated therapeutic doses.
This article is an excerpt from The Medicinal Trees of the American South, An Herbalist's Guide: by Judson Carroll
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He offers free, weekly herb classes: https://rumble.com/c/c-618325
Disclaimer
The information on this site is not intended to diagnose or treat any disease or condition. Nothing on this site has been evaluated or approved by the FDA. I am not a doctor. The US government does not recognize the practice of herbal medicine and their is no governing body regulating herbalists. Therefore, I'm just a guy who studies herbs. I am not offering any advice. I won't even claim that anything I write is accurate or true! I can tell you what herbs have "traditionally been used for." I can tell you my own experience and if I believe an herb helped me. I cannot, nor would I tell you to do the same. If you use any herb I, or anyone else, mentions you are treating yourself. You take full responsibility for your health. Humans are individuals and no two are identical. What works for me may not work for you. You may have an allergy, sensitivity or underlying condition that no one else shares and you don't even know about. Be careful with your health. By continuing to read my blog you agree to be responsible for yourself, do your own research, make your own choices and not to blame me for anything, ever.
