Twenty-three
varieties of Clematis have documented use in herbal medicine:
Clematis alternata, Clematis apiifolia, Clematis barbellata, Clematis
brachyura, Clematis buchananiana, Clematis columbiana - Rock
Clematis, Clematis connata, Clematis douglasii - Hairy Clematis,
Clematis flammula - Fragrant Virgin's Bower, Clematis chinensis - Wei
Ling Xian, Clematis ianthina, Clematis ligusticifolia - White
Clematis, Clematis mandschurica, Clematis microphylla, Clematis
orientalis, Clematis patens, Clematis pierotii, Clematis recta,
Clematis serratifolia, Clematis terniflora - Sennin-So, Clematis
tibetana, Clematis trichotoma, Clematis vitalba - Traveller's Joy
None
are native to my region, the shrub-form Clematis ochroleuca and the
vine-forms, Clematis catesbyana (Satin-curls, Coastal
Virgin's-bower), Clematis crispa (Swamp Leatherflower), Clematis
glaucophylla (White-leaved Leatherflower), Clematis occidentalis var.
occidentalis (Purple Clematis, Mountain Clematis), Clematis viorna
(Northern Leatherflower, Vasevine) and Clematis virginiana
(Virgin's-bower). Clematis terniflora (Sweet Autumn Clematis) is
also naturalized in my region... but many non-natives are grown
ornamentally. You will likely encounter nearly all of these either
being grown in pots or flower gardens, or having “escaped” into
the wild. It is important to be able to identify Clematis, because
some (if not all) are toxic to varying degrees…. even though many
are gathered in the young shoot stage as a wild edible. These plants
are members of the Ranunculaceae or Buttercup family, which are known
to cause skin irritation, blistering and vomiting.
Dioscorides
wrote:
Clematis
grows in good soil. It has small vinelike branches, as much as the
thickness of juncus and a little leaf similar to laurel both in shape
and colour, but much smaller. A decoction of the leaves and the
stalks of this (taken as a drink with wine) lessen excessive
discharges of the bowels and dysentery. Applied in a pessary with
milk and rosaceum it cures pains of the womb. Chewed, it eases
toothache; applied, it helps those bitten by venomous creatures. It
is said that a decoction (taken as a drink with vinegar) helps those
bitten by snakes. It grows in untilled ground. It is also called
daphnoides, myrsinoides, polygonoides, or philetaerium.
There
is another clematis which sends out a vinelike branch, reddish,
flexible; the leaf extremely sharp to the taste and ulcerating. It
winds around trees like smilax. The seed of this (pounded into small
pieces and taken as a drink with water or honey water) drives phlegm
and bile downward. The leaves (applied as a poultice) drive away
leprosy. They are preserved with lepidium [2-205] to eat with meat
[vegetable]. It is also called epigetis, the Egyptians call it
phylacuum, and the Romans,
ambuxus.
Clematitis
sends out somewhat reddish pliant branches, and leaves especially
sharp to the taste and
ulcerating. It winds around trees like smilax. A decoction of the
seed of this (pounded into small pieces and taken as a drink with
water or honey water) drives phlegm and bile downwards. The leaves
applied remove leprosy. It is preserved in salt with lepidium to be
eaten.
Mrs.
Grieve tells us:
A
perennial plant, stem about 3 feet high, leafy, striated, herbaceous,
greenish or reddish; leaves large opposite, leaflets five to nine
pubescent underneath, petioled; flowers, white in upright stiff
terminal umbels, peduncles several times ternate; seeds dark brown,
smooth, orbicular, much compressed, tails long yellowish, plumose;
time for collecting when beginning to flower.
The
leaves and flowers have an acrid burning taste, the acridity being
greatly diminished by drying.
Medicinal
Action and Uses---The leaves and flowers when bruised irritate the
eyes and throat giving rise to a flow of tears and coughing; applied
to the skin they produce inflammation and vesication, hence the name
Flammula Jovis. They are diuretic and diaphoretic, and are useful
locally and internally in syphilitic, cancerous and other foul
ulcers. Best suited to fair people, much used by homoeopathists for
eye affections, gonorrhoeal symptoms and inflammatory conditions.
The
Cherokee used Virgin’s Bower as an ingredient in a formula for
“urinary trouble”,:
… for
yellow, painful urination. A root tea is drunk by children or adults
for kidney trouble, “When the water won’t stop.”
Towards
and American Materia Medica tells us:
Dr.
Storck, of Vienna, has called the attention of physicians to a
species of Clematis, or Virgin's-Bower, the Clematis recta J. This is
a very acrid and active plant, which Storck recommended in cancerous,
venereal and other malignant ulcers, and also in obstinate
pains
of the head, and bones, and in other diseases. An infusion of the
flowers or leaves, and an extract of the plant were used internally.
The powder was sprinkled upon the ulcers, where it was found to act
as an excellent escharotic and detergent. .
I
do not know that the Clematis recta is a native of any part of
America. I have been led to mention the plant in this place, because
the United- States afford us some species of the same genus, which,
from a few experiments that I have made with them, promise to be
useful in medicine. The species which I have more particularly
attended to, are Clematis crispa, and Clematis Viorna. The leaves of
these species are extremely acrid, and may be found useful in chronic
rheumatism, palsy, old ulcers; and, inline, in all the diseases in
which Storck found the Clematis recta useful. As they are very active
plants, it is necessary to use them in small doses. I have received
some obscure information concerning the employment of one of the
species (I think C. crispa), in Virginia, as a remedy in some
particular affections.
Dr.
Schoepf has made no mention of these plants, but has proposed the
employment of Clematis Virginiana, as a substitute for Clematis
rectaf. The C. Yirginiaua is a much more feeble plant than either of
the three other species which have been mentioned.
Resources
of The Southern Fields and Forests tells us:
CRISPED
CLEMATIS; BLUE JESSAMINE, {aematis crispa, Linn.) Not of Ell.
Sk., which is the C. cyllndrica, T. and Gray. Grows in
damp, rich soils, and in swamps in the low country of South
Carolina; vicinit}- of Charleston, Dr. Bachman. Newborn,
Croom. J. C. Curtis. Fl. May. Mer. and de. L. Diet,
de M. Med. ii, 311; U. S. Disp. 1244; Shec. Flora Carol.
418.
This
plant is substituted for the C. erecta, mentioned by Storck,
and is employed in secondary syphilis, ulcers, porrigo, etc;
given internally, with the powdered leaves applied to the
sore. It acts also as a diaphoretic and diuretic. Merat says
it possesses the properties of the C. vitalba, which is a
dangerous vegetable caustic, used as a substitute for
cantharides, and applied to rheumatic limbs, and in paralysis
and gout. The decoction of the root is alterative and
purgative ; and is also said to be valuable in Washing
sores and ulcers, in order to change the mode of their
vitality, and to make them cicatrize. Shecut remarks that
"the Spanish or blistering flies are very fond of the
Clematis crispa, and it would be well for medical gentlemen
in the country to propagate the plant about their residences,
in order to secure a constant succession of these valuable
insects."See Potato, Convolvulus." The American species
are deserving of particular attention, and I would invite
further investigation of them. The taste of the flower and
seed vessel of the Clematis is exceedingly pungent, and the
juice irritates the skin, as I have myself experienced.
TRAVELLER'S-JOY;
LEATHER FLOWER, (Clematis vlonia, L.) Grows in middle and
upper districts of South Carolina. Elliott. N. C,
Curtis. Fl. July. Shec. Flora Carol. 489 ; Griffith's Med.
Bot. 86 ; U. S. Disp. 1244.
This,
and the following, have also a caustic property, and arc
employed internally as diuretics and sudorifics in chronic
rheumatism; and externally, in the treatment of eruptions, and
as vesicants. Shecut says that a yellow dye may be
extracted from both leaves and branches; the latter are
sufticiently tough to make withs and fagots. The fibrous
shoots may be converted into paper, and the wood is yellow,
compact, and odoriferous, furnishing an excellent material for
veneering.
King’s
Medical Dispensatory of 1898 states:
The
Clematis virginiana is a native of the United States, and grows by
river banks, in hedges and thickets, from Canada to Georgia and the
Mississippi. It flowers in July and August; the parts used are the
bark, leaves, and blossoms, which yield their virtues to water or
alcohol. The leaves should be gathered when they are fully grown, say
in August. The fresh drug only should be employed, as most of its
properties are dissipated in drying. Clematis is not found as a drug
in commerce. Alcohol takes up the properties of clematis, yielding a
green tincture, which, upon exposure to light, turns brown. This and
all of the below-mentioned species of Clematis have been used in
medicine to some extent, but only this species and Clematis recta are
now employed, and chiefly in domestic practice and by Homoeopathic
physicians. Though never favorite remedies, they have probably fallen
into undeserved neglect on account of having been used in the dried
instead of the fresh state. They should be given a proper trial, and
their worth or worthlessness established.
Description.—The
leaves and flowers are described above. "The stem attains a
diameter at the base from ½ inch to 1 inch, and has a spongy,
ligneous texture. When recent, it is covered with a thin brown bark.
The wood is coarsely divided into distinct medullary rays, between
which, when the plant is recent, are deposited layers of a greenish
substance, which contains the acrid principles." (J. U. Lloyd,
in Drugs and Med. of N. A., Vol. I, p. 7).
Chemical
Composition.—According to Rafinesque (1830) a peculiar body
resembling gluten, and known as clematin, exists in the flowers of C.
virginiana and C. Viorna. The fresh plant (Clematis virginiana),
according to Prof. J. U. Lloyd, who examined it chemically, has a
peculiar, unpleasant odor, and a taste at first rank and
disagreeable, but, after prolonged chewing, becomes acrid and
irritating, not followed by pain, but rather leaving "a dry,
metallic-like roughness of the tongue and mouth." When distilled
with water a neutral distillate, having an odor recalling that of
skunk-cabbage, was obtained. This odor may be removed by agitation
with chloroform or benzol. If this solution be spontaneously
evaporated, "a colorless, oily substance remains, which is the
characteristic principle of the plant, but which evaporates by
exposure." He found the distillate, when inhaled, to be a
pulmonary irritant, giving a sensation similar to that produced by
sulphurous acid gas. No alkaloid, either volatile or fixed, was
found. Besides the usual plant constituents the plant contains
grape-sugar. (See paper by Prof. J. U. Lloyd, in Drugs and Med. of N.
A., Vol. I, p. 10).
Action,
Medical Uses, and Dosage.—The various species of clematis, when
applied to the skin in a fresh state, blister it; and if taken
internally, act as corrosive poisons. Both drying and boiling destroy
the virulent property. They have been used externally in the
treatment of several cutaneous affections, and in form of a liniment,
made with oil, for the cure of itch; internally, as diuretics and
sudorifics in chronic rheumatism, palsy, etc., in minute doses. The
extract, in doses of 1 or 2 grains, is recommended for osteocopic
pains. The green leaves bruised are sometimes employed to produce
vesication, also, as an escharotic and detergent for venereal and
other foul and indolent u1cers.
Clematis
virginiana has been highly spoken of as a nervine in uterine
diseases. Place 2 drachms of the dried leaf into a cup filled with
hot water, cover it, and allow it to stand until the liquid is cool
enough to drink; strain, sweeten with sugar if desired, and let the
patient drink it at once. Repeat as often as may be required, the
doses being regulated by its effects upon the system.
Like
Clematis recta (which see), this species produces painful eczema-like
eruptions, which may result in small painful ulcerations. Prof. E. M.
Hale, M.D., has found it fully equal to Clematis recta, being
particularly useful in nervous insomnia, neuralgic and rheumatic
headache, toothache, reflex neuroses of women from ovarian or urinary
irritation, neuroses of men with pain in testicles and bladder,
cystitis, urethritis, gonorrhoea, orchitis, and swellings of the
inguinal glands. Following the law of similia, he also found it
useful in "eczema, herpes zoster, and pustular eruptions on the
scalp and face of children." A good tincture may be prepared as
follows: Clematis (fresh stem, leaves, and flowers), 1 part; alcohol,
2 parts; bruise to an even pulp, add the alcohol, mix thoroughly, and
allow to macerate in a close vessel for 10 days. Express and filter
(D. and M. of N. A.). Ɣ As clematis acts very much after the manner
of pulsatilla and its congeners, it should be tried in fractional
doses in the complaints for which such drugs have an established
reputation. (For uses of other species see Related Species). Dose,
1/10 to 5 drops, well diluted.
Related
Species.—Prof. Landerer, of Greece (1877), reported a case of
epilepsy cured after futile attempts with other medicine, by a
species of Clematis, either C. cirrhosa or C. sylvestris. Also
rubefacient and vesicant.
Clematis
recta (erecta), Linné. Upright Virgin's bower.—The Flammula Jovis
of old medical writers and the first species introduced as a medicine
(D. and M. of N. A.). This species, like others of its family, will
produce a painful pustular, eczema-like eruption, which may result in
blebs or bullae, and even develop into small painful ulcers. It has
been used to some extent in Homoeopathy, and is mentioned by Prof.
Webster (Dynam. Therap.) in the conditions named below. It appears to
affect both the male and female reproductive organs, influencing both
the testes and ovaries. Ovarian indurations and chronic gonorrhoeal
orchitis are said to be relieved by it. It is also reputed useful in
other after-effects of gonorrhoea, as gleet and incipient stricture.
It relieves irritation of the urinary tract, especially the vesical
irritation of nervous women with ovarian derangements. Dysuria and
urinal retention are also occasionally benefited by it.
Homoeopathists employ it in chronic scrofulous and syphilitic skin
diseases, especially when mercurialization has been carried too far.
Foul, vesicular, and pustular eruptions, ulcers, syphilitic
excrescences, eczema, and irritated and swollen eyelids, involving
the meibomian glands, are conditions in which they claim success from
its use. A Homoeopathic tincture may be used in the proportion of 10
to 15 drops to 4 fluid ounces of water, the dose of which is a
teaspoonful several times a day. Störck (1769) employed Clematis
recta in old ulcers, secondary syphilis headache, and carcinoma. He
also pointed out its diuretic action, a view confirmed by Sauveur, in
1866, who claims to have cured Bright's disease with its infusion.
Clematis
Vitalba, Linné.—The common species of Europe and only one in
England. "Virgin's bower, Traveler's joy, Love vine, White vine,
Ladies' bower, Old Man's beard, Smoke wood, Wild vine, Bind-with,
Hedge vine, and Climbers" (D. and M. of N. A.), Wild clematis.
Gaube extracted a principle from this plant to which he gave the name
clematine. It is alkaline, and forms a neutral compound with
sulphuric acid, which crystallizes in hexagonal needles. Besides this
principle, he also detected an essential oil, to which it owes it
properties, tannin, mucilaginous substances, and a small amount of
earthy salts.
The
seeds of clematis, given in infusion, have been found serviceable in
albuminuria, even when general anasarca, amblyopia, incipient
hypertrophy of the left ventricle, without valvular lesion, and which
condition is, as M. Traube has shown, always a result of abnormal
conditions of the kidneys, and other symptoms peculiar to this
disease were present. The effects of the remedy were quite prompt, a
profuse diuresis, followed by a gradual diminution of albumin in the
urine, and a rapid disappearance of the anasarca, and other symptoms.
This infusion has likewise proved efficient in other serous
affections due to other maladies of the abdominal viscera (Prof.
Sauveur, 1886). The roots of the C. Vitalba, boiled for a short time
to diminish their acrimony, and then infused in boiling oil, were
applied to the skin several times a day, in itch, and a cure was
effected in 12 or 15 applications. The plant, boiled in oil and mixed
with wax and verdigris, was formerly esteemed a remedy for tinea.
Clematis
Viorna, Linné, or Leather flower, which is more common in the
western states, and may be found growing in woods from Pennsylvania
southward, may, probably, be employed as a substitute for the above.
It differs from it in having a cylindrical, striate stem; with
opposite, decompound, pinnately divided leaves, consisting of from 9
to 12 ovate-lanceolate leaflets, acute at each end, entire or
3-lobed; flowers large, purple, nodding, solitary, axillary,
campanulate; sepals thick, leathery, acuminate, and peduncles from 3
to 6 inches long, with a pair of small, simple, entire leaves near
the middle (W.).
Clematis
Pitcheri, Torrey and Gray.—From Illinois westward. This and above
species are probably varieties of the same species. It has single,
dull-purple flowers, having thick, leathery, valvate sepals. It is
also known as Leather flower.
Clematis
crispa, Linné.—Southern United States. This is thought to be the
most acrid of the indigenous species. It is known in the south as
Blue jasmine and Curled Virgin's bower. It has single nodding
flowers, with "purplish-blue sepals, with dilated thin margins"
(D. and M. of N. A.).
Clematis
Flammula, Sweet-scented Virgin's bower.—France and other parts of
south Europe. Has fragrant white flowers and is cultivated for
ornamentation (D. and M. of N. A.).
Clematis
Viticella, Linné; Blue clematis.—South Europe, particularly
France. Cultivated, and has blue flowers (D. and M. of N. A.).
Formerly esteemed in itch and leprosy.
Clematis
verticillaris, De Candolle; Whorl-leaved Virgin's bower.—Rare
northern species. "It has large, 4-sepaled, purple flowers, with
thin, spreading sepals" (D. and M. of N. A.). Cultivated for
ornament.
Clematis
alpina, Miller.—Southern Europe, in mountainous regions. Analogous
to preceding (D. and M. of N. A.).
Clematis
ligusticifolia, Nuttall; Wild sarsaparilla.—Western United States.
Closely resembles Clematis virginiana. Root used by New Mexico
Indians as an alterative (D. and M. of N. A.)
Clematis
dioica, Linné.—Jamaica. Used as a rubefacient (D. and M. of N.
A.). The root, boiled with sea water, acts as a powerful hydragogue
cathartic, and is useful in dropsy; and an infusion of the leaves and
flowers removes spots and freckles from the skin.
Clematis
mauritiana, Linné.—Madagascar. "Probably the most acrid of
all the genus" (D. and M. of N. A.). Employed by the negroes of
the Isle of France to blister the cheek for the relief of toothache.
Jethro
Kloss wrote:
VIRGIN’S
BOWER (Clematis virginiana)
Common
Names: Common virgin’s bower, traveler’s joy.
Part
Used: Leaves, flowers.
Medicinal
Properties: Stimulant, diuretic, sudorific, vesicant.
Description
and Uses: Will relieve severe headaches. Combine with other herbs in
poultices for cancer, ulcers, and bed sores. Combine with other herbs
in ointments for cancer, itching, and ulcers. For internal use, steep
a heaping teaspoonful in a cup of boiling water for thirty minutes,
strain, take a tablespoonful four to six times a day.
Plants
for A Future States:
Medicinal
use of Clematis alternata: The juice of the plant is dripped into the
eye in the treatment of conjunctivitis, though it does make the eye
painful for about an hour.
Medicinal
use of Clematis apiifolia: An infusion of the stems is used in the
treatment of colic, dysentery, dyspepsia and sweating. The plant is
carminative and digestive. It is also used in the treatment of
dysentery.
Medicinal
use of Clematis barbellata: The juice of the leaves is used to
relieve stomach aches, especially those caused by indigestion,
diarrhoea and dysentery. The juice is placed inside the nostrils to
relieve sinusitis. The leaves are crushed and then sniffed to relieve
headaches
Medicinal
use of Clematis buchananiana: A paste of the roots is used as a
poultice to treat swellings caused by inflammation. The juice of the
root is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers. The juice is also
inhaled to get rid of coughs and colds. A paste of the stem or root
bark is kept pressed against the teeth for about 15 minutes to
relieve toothache. The juice of the plant is applied externally to
cuts and wounds. It is also taken internally in the treatment of
indigestion. The leaf juice is taken internally, and is also applied
externally to the forehead, in the treatment of coughs and colds. It
is also warmed and placed inside the nose when treating sinusitis.
Medicinal
use of Rock Clematis: A poultice of the pounded, dampened leaves has
been applied to the feet to treat sweaty feet. A cold infusion of the
plant can be used as a lotion on swollen knees and ankles. The plant
has been used as a head wash and to treat scabs and eczema.
Medicinal
use of Clematis connata: The juice of the plant is inhaled to relieve
sinusitis
Medicinal
use of Hairy Clematis: A decoction of the leaves has been used to
treat headaches. The root has been used in the treatment of congested
nose pain.
Medicinal
use of Wei Ling Xian: The root is anodyne, antidote, antiperiodic,
antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic and sedative. A decoction is
taken internally in the treatment of rheumatism and arthritis,
tetanus and cold-type stomach-ache. The root is harvested in the
autumn and dried for later use. The whole plant is antirheumatic. The
plant has a history of folk use in the treatment of cancer. The root
contains anemonin, this has antibacterial, analgesic, sedative and
antispasmodic actions. It also inhibits the heart and central nervous
system and is rubefacient.
Medicinal
use of White Clematis: White clematis was employed medicinally by a
number of native North American Indian tribes who used it to treat a
variety of complaints, but especially as an external application on
sores etc. It is rarely used in modern herbalism but probably merits
investigation. A decoction of the plant is used to treat colds and
sore throats. It has also been used as a general tonic when feeling
out of sorts. An infusion of the white bark has been used as a
febrifuge. An infusion of the roots has been used to treat headaches
and stomach aches. A poultice of the foliage has been used to treat
chest pains and rheumatic joints. An infusion of the plant has been
used as a wash for skin eruptions, sores, wounds, backaches, swollen
limbs, tired feet, syphilitic sores, eczema etc. The stalks and roots
have been used to make a woman's contraceptive. A poultice made from
the cut stems has been applied to the teeth for treating toothache. A
poultice of the mashed, moistened seeds has been applied to severe
burns.
Medicinal
use of Clematis mandschurica: The root is analgesic, antibacterial,
antidiuretic, antifungal, emmenagogue and hypotensive. It contains
several medically active constituents including clematosides,
hederagenin and anemonin. It is used in Korea in the treatment of
leucorrhoea, dysentery, neuralgia, menostasis and delayed
menstruation.
Medicinal
use of Clematis orientalis: The plant is antiseptic and refrigerant.
It is used as a gargle for ulcerated throats and also to treat dog
bites.
Medicinal
use of Clematis recta: The flowers and leaves are diaphoretic,
diuretic and rubefacient. They are taken both internally and
externally in the treatment of syphilitic, cancerous and other foul
ulcers. Caution is advised since this is a poisonous plant. A
homeopathic remedy is made from the plant. It is used in the
treatment of rheumatism and skin eruptions.
Medicinal
use of Sennin-So: Antidote, antiscrofulatic, ophthalmic. Used in the
treatment of corneal opacities.
Medicinal
use of Clematis tibetana: The stem and flowers are used in Tibetan
medicine, they are considered to have and acrid and sweet taste with
a heating potency. They promote stomach heat and destroy "cold
tumours". They are used in the treatment of skin irritations and
itches, and tumours.
Medicinal
use of Traveller's Joy: The leaves are analgesic, diuretic and
rubefacient. The boiled roots and stems are used as a cure for the
itch. When applied in the nostrils, the plant juice has been used to
relieve migraine attacks, but it can also destroy the mucous
membranes. The plant should not be taken internally because it is
poisonous. A homeopathic remedy is made from the plant. It is used in
the treatment of rheumatism and skin eruptions. The plant is used in
Bach flower remedies - the keywords for prescribing it are
"Indifference", "Dreaminess", "Inattention"
and "Unconsciousness". It is also one of the five
ingredients in the "Rescue remedy"
Botany
in A Day tells us of Virgin’s Bower:
A
tea of the plant acts as a vasoconstrictor on the brain lining, but
also as a dilator on the blood vessels. It is taken for migraine
headaches. The plant is used externally as a stimulating poultice.
It is listed as diaphoretic and diuretic.
Peterson
Field Guides Eastern/Central Medicinal Plants tells us:
Virgin’s
Bower - liniment once used by physicians for skin eruptions, itching,
weak leaf tea used for insomnia, nervous headaches, nervous twitching
and uterine diseases. Warning: Toxic; highly irritating to skin and
mucus membranes. Ingestion may cause bloody vomiting, severe
diarrhea and convulsions.
The
PDR for Herbal Medicine states:
Clematis
recta: The fresh plant induces blisters on the skin. And mucus
membranes and is a fungicide. Sun plants are more effective than
shade plants.
This article is an excerpt from
Medicinal Shrubs and Woody Vines of The American Southeast An Herbalist's Guide
Read about Medicinal Shrubs and Woody Vines of The American Southeast An Herbalist's Guide: https://southernappalachianherbs.blogspot.com/2022/06/medicinal-shrubs-and-woody-vines-of.html
Available for purchase on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0B2T4Y5L6: by Judson Carroll
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His other works include:
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Available for purchase on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09X4LYV9R
The Encyclopedia of Bitter Medicinal Herbs:
southernappalachianherbs.blogspot.com/2022/03/the-encyclopedia-of-bitter-medicina.html
Available for purchase on Amazon:
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0B5MYJ35R
Christian Medicine, History and Practice:
https://southernappalachianherbs.blogspot.com/2022/01/christian-herbal-medicine-history-and.html
Available for purchase on Amazon: www.amazon.com/dp/B09P7RNCTB
Herbal Medicine for Preppers, Homesteaders and Permaculture People
southernappalachianherbs.blogspot.com/2021/10/herbal-medicine-for-preppers.html
Also available on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09HMWXL25
Look Up: The Medicinal Trees of the American South, An Herbalist's Guide
http:///www.amazon.com/dp/1005082936
The Herbs and Weeds of Fr. Johannes Künzle:
https://southernappalachianherbs.blogspot.com/2021/05/announcing-new-book-herbs-and-weeds-of.html
Author: Judson Carroll. Judson Carroll is an Herbalist from the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina.
His weekly articles may be read at judsoncarroll.com
His weekly podcast may be heard at: www.spreaker.com/show/southern-appalachian-herbs
He offers free, weekly herb classes: https://rumble.com/c/c-618325
Disclaimer
The information on this site is not intended to diagnose or treat any disease or condition. Nothing on this site has been evaluated or approved by the FDA. I am not a doctor. The US government does not recognize the practice of herbal medicine and their is no governing body regulating herbalists. Therefore, I'm just a guy who studies herbs. I am not offering any advice. I won't even claim that anything I write is accurate or true! I can tell you what herbs have "traditionally been used for." I can tell you my own experience and if I believe an herb helped me. I cannot, nor would I tell you to do the same. If you use any herb I, or anyone else, mentions you are treating yourself. You take full responsibility for your health. Humans are individuals and no two are identical. What works for me may not work for you. You may have an allergy, sensitivity or underlying condition that no one else shares and you don't even know about. Be careful with your health. By continuing to read my blog you agree to be responsible for yourself, do your own research, make your own choices and not to blame me for anything, ever.